Volumul XVI nr. 2 (32) / 2011
THE VISEGRAD GROUP SECURITY POLICY DURING THE EURO-ATLANTIC STRUCTURES PRE-ACCESSION PERIOD
Gheorghe CALOPAREANU
pg. 93
ABSTRACT
For two decades since the world polarity ceased, the Visegrad Four (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia), geographically situated in the so-called” Green Region”, the corridor that separates the balanced European West from the unbalanced East, have played an important role in defining new coordinates for their region security. The four states have come into view as a result of quite different historic events.
The present article wishes to present their endeavors to ensure their own security by transforming the Central-European region into a pole of security.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIC DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
Marian Pompiliu CRISTESCU
Laurentiu CIOVICA
Liviu CIOVICA
pg. 100
ABSTRACT
In our challenging economical environment, company’s biggest problem is the proper management of financials, assets and resources. Even if all resources types are important, the most important one is the human resources, which are hard to find, train and maintain. Thus, our research direction is in providing a highly reliable and secured HR application designed as being a distributed, web-based, enterprise application. This paper aims to identify characteristics of distributed applications and their compatibility with the set of utilities provided by the Java language. The importance is justified by the need to use appropriate technologies based on projects specifics. Theoretical foundations are described; latest technologies and latest economical specific standards are used to develop distributed applications; with respect to HR Warehouse application for human resources management. The presented features are the most important ones regarding the distributed application development in terms of cutting costs during the entire application life cycle.
WAR CRIMES ACCORDING TO THE NEW PENAL CODE
Gheorghe IVAN
pg. 107
ABSTRACT
Pursuant to the ratification according to Law 11 / 2002 of the Rome Statute of International Criminal Court (ICC) entered into force on 17 July 1998, the Romanian criminal legislation had to comply with the standards of this Statute, especially in respect of the incrimination of the acts of war.
Chapter II from the last title of the new Penal Code (Title XII – Crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes”) applies to the offences which are incriminated under the name of “war crimes” in article 8 of ICC Statute.
Referring to the incrimination of the acts of war, the Romanian legislator has also set up other provisions of international law issuing from the Additional Protocol 1 of 10 June 1977, an amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts (ratified by Romania by Decree no. 224 / 1990) and 1999 Protocol II of the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict adopted at The Hague (Netherlands) on 26 March 1999 (ratified by Romania by Law 285 / 2006).
COMPETITION ON THE ROMANIAN ESTATE MARKET
Ilie MOGA
Sidonia LOSONCZI
pg. 114
ABSTRACT
Real estate market in general and the residential market, in particular, are totally different from the regular markets where goods, services or assets are traded. Two main factors determine the specificity of the real estate market: characteristics of the properties and behavior of market participants. The real estate market distinguishes from other markets because of the asymmetric information, rigid prices, fluctuating liquidity and nonexistent transparency. Due to these factors, there are significant risks in the finance and banking system that is linked to the real estate market through mortgage securities, but also to the rest of the economy, by affecting both the investment phenomenon and labor mobility.
Romanian real estate market, unlike most of the real estate markets in the world, is subject to additional risks due to foreign currency trading, the shrinking population, the extremely large number of owner-occupied housing and low market rents. To all these, is added the lack of market transparency (lack of a formal real estate index), reduced trading speed, high costs and excessive bureaucracy in constructions.
PROVISIONS OF THE NEW CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE REGARDING MILITARIES
Camelia SERBAN MORAREANU
pg. 118
ABSTRACT
The new Criminal Procedure Code was adopted by Law 135/1 July 2010, published in the Official Gazette No 486/15 July 2010. This regulation modifies many of the provisions in the actual code, and also inserts new ones.
The present paper will emphasize those regulations of the new Criminal Code regarding militaries, therefore reviewing the new competence of the military courts, the competence of criminal investigation bodies regarding offences committed by militaries, as well as other procedural provisions regarding persons with military status.
PSYCHOLOGY AS AN INSEPARABLE COMPONENT OF COMMANDER’S WORK
Jaroslav NEKORANEC
Stanislav MORONG
Eva ZÁVODNÁ
pg. 123
ABSTRACT
Man can handle many seemingly unmanageable situations. Military environment and the missions within it offer numbers of suchlike situations. Understanding these processes and the effects of stress in the military environment is one of the tasks of psychological training, which helps the commanders train such soldiers who would be able to handle stress situations in peaceful, but especially in real conditions threatening their lives, i.e. on peacekeeping missions and operations in different parts of the world.
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: TIGER UNLEASHED?
Tomáš SCHÓBER
Blažej LIPPAY
Pavel NEČAS
pg. 131
ABSTRACT
Over the past 30 years, China has made a remarkable progress in its pursuit of economic growth and development, which has allowed Chinese to achieve higher living standards and has increased its international profile. These economic achievements, combined with progress in science and technology, have also enabled China to embark on a comprehensive transformation of its military. The pace and scope of China’s military modernization have increased over the past decade, enabling China’s armed forces to develop capabilities necessary for contributing to the delivery of international public goods, as well as increase China’s options for using military force to gain diplomatic advantage or resolve disputes in its favor. Western Pacific, under a long-term sphere of influence of Washington is now considered as the primary area of interest for Beijing because of its vital commercial and defense role while being a great place for demonstration of strength. This article is dealing with US-Chinese relations, military efforts of both countries including the cyber warfare and impacts on neighboring countries leading to new arms race.
PUBLIC RELATIONS IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Mária PETRUFOVÁ
Lubomír BELAN
pg. 137
ABSTRACT
Public relations in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic. The Armed Forces Academy of Gen. Milan Rastislav Štefánik in Liptovský Mikuláš, Department of Management. This article deals with the issue of public relations. We also focused on the presentation of the Armed Forces in the public and on its influence on candidates interested in joining the army. We also examined the public awareness; we drew conclusions about sufficient or insufficient work with the public and about the confidence of cadets about them joining the army. As a recommendation for future practice we suggest measures, which can enhance the PR effectiveness in the Armed Forces of SR.
SOME METHODS OF TEACHING THE PHONETIC PROBLEMS FOR THE FOREIGN STUDENTS
Magdalena PRUNEANU
Maria CRACIUN
pg. 148
ABSTRACT
The diachronic and synchronic analysis of the presence of foreign students in Romania would require further studies to prove their evolution or involution not only at us but all over Easter Europe. After 1989 and, in general, with the so-called fall of the communism, the number of foreign students attending the Romanian university centres was and still is lower. For example, in our country there are now 12 universities where about 1,000 foreign students study in the preparatory year.
The methods of the Romanian language teaching to foreign students aim at the basic Romanian language acquisition and implementation for a proximate area to which they want to move into the future.
Therefore, the objectives of the teacher aim at:
– developing the cooperating spirit of the student to the lesson;
– stimulating the interest in the Romanian language study as varied as possible;
– preparing them for interdisciplinary communication based on a scale upward 1-10;
– tempting to further individual and collective learning exercise of certain components in all four layers of language (phonetic, lexical, morphological and syntactic) to meet not only curiosity but also to promote empathy in communication.
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ERGOPSIHOMETRY CONCEPT IN ASSESSING THE SPECIAL MISSIONS STAFF
Nicolae RADU
pg. 153
ABSTRACT
Identifying challenges, solutions and justification outlining new strategies of action in response to the challenges of asymmetric conflict characteristic of the new 3rd millennium, the subject of constant concern in the selection of specialized structures for the execution of special missions staff, the composition of the national security system, namely those of Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Intelligence Service and last but not least the Protection and Guard Service. In response to these concerns, the study has proposed specific management activities, radiography, and accurate selection of personnel for special missions. In this respect, the knowledge has been outlined by psychologists’ military experience, after the Second World War who laid the foundations for the development of selection techniques. In this context, we highlight the case of AGCT (Army General Classification Test), applied to no more than 12 million soldiers. Alongside there were built other batteries of tests used in selection for different special weapons. A performance-oriented test was built by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and U.S. Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the United Kingdom. The Second World War’s emphasis has brought along a new change, from intelligence testing to the testing of specific skills. In 1947 DAT (The Differential Aptitude Test) was published, after periodic reviews, has become one of the most popular batteries of the aptitude tests.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ELEMENTS FOR A NEW THEORY OF FORCES’ TRAINING
Aurelian RATIU
George-Valentin RADU
pg. 158
ABSTRACT
We are living in a dynamic society, which is continuously changing, adapting and moving. The major relationship changes inside the military system, the international relation ones and, last but not least, changes in the manner of fighting are automatically reflected in military training, and especially in the officers’ education.
The essence of the challenges for military higher education consists in training and development of human resource performance, in skills and knowledge “of excellence”, able to perform with competence and high ethical standing roles and tasks in new situations and combat missions.
In this regard, we remark the absence of a theory of integrative and prescriptive training upon how to proceed and achieve the desired results, of an independent theory of the specified purposes, of a particular educational program (school), but being as comprehensive as possible regarding the means used.
This new theory of education should be prescriptive, in the way of setting out rules on the best way to achieve a certain level of knowledge and skills, high standards and “excellence”. Furthermore, to provide a critical measure for assessing or evaluating any particular training. Also, a new theory of education must develop those high techniques of self-correction, so as the trained person to become independent, and then easily move to another stage of development, that of self-training.
DELIMITATION OF TRANSACTION FROM ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Dumitru VADUVA
pg. 165
ABSTRACT
Can the transaction be compared with other non-judicial means of solving the litigations? Transaction has something in common with the arbitration convention, mediation or conciliation? Are these notions placed on analogous registers, or the differences are so large that their confrontation would be sterile? These are the questions raised for emphasizing the autonomy of transaction in relation with other types of contract, which logically leads us to distinguish between civil law contracts and contracts regarding litigations, impregnated by a judicial component. This single component authorizes the proximity between transaction and other contracts based on litigation. The arbitration convention, mediation and conciliation are such contracts. This proximity tempts us to compare the notions.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES ON THE 2011 EU PREOCCUPATIONS ON THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBORHOOD POLICY – SOUTH DIMENSION
Elise-Nicoleta VALCU
pg. 172
ABSTRACT
According to Art 8 of the Treaty on European Union, the Union shall develop a special relationship with neighboring countries, aiming to establish an area of prosperity and good neighborliness, founded on the values of the Union and characterized by close and peaceful relations based on cooperation.
The treaty of Lisbon has created the conditions for the EU to improve the efficiency and consistency of its policies, including the neighborhood policy, as well as its own system of function, especially in the area of foreign relationships, by creating the High Representative/Vice-president of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European External Action Service (EEAS).
In this context, the Mediterranean area is essential for the EU, and in a multi-polarized and interdependent world, only the integrated large regional groups shall possess an enlarged capacity to face the social, cultural, economic, ecological, demographical, security and political challenges.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF SUPERFICIAL TREATMENTS WITH OPTICAL RADIATION IMPULSES, ON THE ROUGHNESS OF THE SURFACES OF SINTERED PARTS
Ioan VIRCA
Vasile CARUTASU
pg. 178
ABSTRACT
The paper is a development of a previous broader study [2] on the action of electroradiantions fields on metal surfaces in superficially layer.
Basically, as a result of a rigorous electrotehnologic, developed with the help of shallow treatment plant with pulse optical radiation, described in part I, have been conducted and the results of the treatments on the roughness of shallow layer are presented in tabulated.
The construction of an estimated statistical analysis for a group of tracks to values close to the experimental hypothesis and check the set initially.
At the end of job results are presented graphically on the roughness of the parts treated and what conclusions are drawn and highlights observations and partial findings confirmed.